| JENNIFER R. O’NEAL (The Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde), Assistant Professor, Native American and Indigenous Studies, University of Oregon

Through examining two case studies, I will present how the Protocols for Native American Archival Materials and the CARE Principles (2018) should be used in conjunction to protect, return, and rematriate archival materials back to Indigenous peoples, through work rooted with a good heart to bring restorative healing to Indigenous communities. In this presentation I argue that the definition of Indigenous Data Sovereignty should be expanded and considered as the protection of all Indigenous information, including both in-tangible (song, dance, stories) and tangible (ie. documents, objects, photographs) traditional knowledge and cultural heritage within and from Indigenous nations, especially archival materials. While Indigenous Data Sovereignty as a formal concept is fairly new, the foundational activism has been occurring for many years beforehand through the efforts to protect Indigenous archives, Traditional Knowledges, cultures, and other collections at various non-Indigenous repositories, as well as in Indigenous communities. This is evident in the historic efforts to project Indigenous human remains through the Native American Graves and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA 1990), Indigenous archives at non-Tribal repositories through the Protocols for Native American Archival Materials (2006), and Indigenous Traditional Knowledge practices and policies within various research fields. Much of this provides the foundational work that preceded the formal development of Indigenous Data Sovereignty and paved the way for more in-depth research and implementation to occur. Case studies are based on the 15 plus years of work conducted with tribal communities in Oregon and through work at the National Museum of the American Indian.